The Asian tropics are exceptionally biodiverse and exhibit high levels of endemism, shaped by the vast and dynamic biophysical theatre in its many landmasses and islands. Its biota, however, is threatened by immense, varied and persistent pressures in an increasingly populous part of the world. This project aims to review and synthesise the current state of biodiversity and biodiversity research in the region for a range of terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, including patterns of endemism, rates of species discovery, spatiotemporal biases in biodiversity data and the magnitude of threats that species face across the region.