{"id":6182,"date":"2025-04-07T11:07:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T03:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/?page_id=6182"},"modified":"2025-04-07T11:08:25","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T03:08:25","slug":"biodiversity-conservation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodiversity Conservation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1>\n\t\tResearch\n\t<\/h1>\n<h2>\n\t\tBiodiversity Conservation\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>\n\t\tOur Projects\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\">            <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6703\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sean-Project-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Listening to the ecological heartbeat of the rainforest: Bioacoustics for monitoring of biodiversity to answer ecological questions\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/lapis\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        LAPIS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Listening to the ecological heartbeat of the rainforest: Bioacoustics for monitoring of biodiversity to answer ecological questions<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sean-yap\/\">Sean Yap<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>&#8220;If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?&#8221; ~ Traditional biodiversity surveys are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error\u2014plus, human presence can disrupt wildlife. Bioacoustic recorders, paired with AI, offer a faster, less invasive way to monitor vocal animals. We use this technology to explore applied ecological questions, such as how human-made noise impacts vocal animal communities and how effective native reforestation efforts are. &nbsp; View some snaps of us in the field here.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6703\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6703\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/lapis\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    LAPIS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Listening to the ecological heartbeat of the rainforest: Bioacoustics for monitoring of biodiversity to answer ecological questions<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sean-yap\/\">Sean Yap<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sean-Project-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Listening to the ecological heartbeat of the rainforest: Bioacoustics for monitoring of biodiversity to answer ecological questions\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>&#8220;If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?&#8221; ~ Traditional biodiversity surveys are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to human error\u2014plus, human presence can disrupt wildlife. Bioacoustic recorders, paired with AI, offer a faster, less invasive way to monitor vocal animals. We use this technology to explore applied ecological questions, such as how human-made noise impacts vocal animal communities and how effective native reforestation efforts are.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>View some snaps of us in the field <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/the-lapis-gallery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6445\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Charlie-Project-2020-02-04-14.01.07-post-scaled-e1744353043361-1024x803.jpg\" alt=\"The Biodiversity of Tropical Asia: evolution, gaps and threats\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        PEEB                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">The Biodiversity of Tropical Asia: evolution, gaps and threats<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/charles-marsh\/\">Charles Marsh<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>The Asian tropics are exceptionally biodiverse and exhibit high levels of endemism, shaped by the vast and dynamic biophysical theatre in its many landmasses and islands. Its biota, however, is threatened by immense, varied and persistent pressures in an increasingly populous part of the world. This project aims to review and synthesise the current state of biodiversity and biodiversity research in the region for a range of terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, including patterns of endemism, rates of species discovery, spatiotemporal biases in biodiversity data and the magnitude of threats that species face across the region.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6445\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6445\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    PEEB                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">The Biodiversity of Tropical Asia: evolution, gaps and threats<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/charles-marsh\/\">Charles Marsh<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Charlie-Project-2020-02-04-14.01.07-post-scaled-e1744353043361-1024x803.jpg\" alt=\"The Biodiversity of Tropical Asia: evolution, gaps and threats\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>The Asian tropics are exceptionally biodiverse and exhibit high levels of endemism, shaped by the vast and dynamic biophysical theatre in its many landmasses and islands. Its biota, however, is threatened by immense, varied and persistent pressures in an increasingly populous part of the world. This project aims to review and synthesise the current state of biodiversity and biodiversity research in the region for a range of terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, including patterns of endemism, rates of species discovery, spatiotemporal biases in biodiversity data and the magnitude of threats that species face across the region.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6434\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shakura-Project-IMG_0032-scaled-e1744351469464-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/shakura-bashir\/\">Shakura Bashir<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to assess the environmental and social integrity of natural climate solutions through an inter-disciplinary approach. Key topics include factors influencing carbon credit certification, monitoring of biodiversity outcomes as well as the effectiveness of benefit-sharing mechanisms for local communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6434\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6434\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/shakura-bashir\/\">Shakura Bashir<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shakura-Project-IMG_0032-scaled-e1744351469464-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to assess the environmental and social integrity of natural climate solutions through an inter-disciplinary approach. Key topics include factors influencing carbon credit certification, monitoring of biodiversity outcomes as well as the effectiveness of benefit-sharing mechanisms for local communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6415\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Elizabeth-Project-Hemispherical-Photographs-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        SpEARS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/maria-elizabeth\/\">Maria Elizabeth Rodriguez Ronderos<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to improve tropical forest peatland above-ground biomass estimations using traditional ground forest surveys, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) and Drone LiDAR scanning (ULS). We further aim to understand the effects of human disturbance at the edge of peatland forests in Brunei, and the impacts on their geomorphology, ecology, biodiversity and biomass.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6415\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6415\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    SpEARS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/maria-elizabeth\/\">Maria Elizabeth Rodriguez Ronderos<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Elizabeth-Project-Hemispherical-Photographs-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to improve tropical forest peatland above-ground biomass estimations using traditional ground forest surveys, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) and Drone LiDAR scanning (ULS). We further aim to understand the effects of human disturbance at the edge of peatland forests in Brunei, and the impacts on their geomorphology, ecology, biodiversity and biomass.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6449\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hanci-Hong-Jhun-Project-DSC08188-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"Quantifying the impact of seed dispersal failure on forest biodiversity across the world&#8217;s tropics\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        PEEB                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Quantifying the impact of seed dispersal failure on forest biodiversity across the world&#8217;s tropics<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/liang-hanci\/\">Liang Hanci<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sim-hong-jhun\/\">Sim Hong Jhun<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Animals play important roles as seed dispersers in tropical forest ecosystems and so the pervasive decline of animal populations (&#8220;defaunation&#8221;) will lead to cascading effects on tree populations, ecosystem structure and carbon storage. However, predicting the impacts of defaunation on seed dispersal failure remains a challenge due to the paucity of ecological interaction information globally. This project aims to fill these gaps through the development of a global database of seed dispersal information and machine learning interaction models.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6449\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6449\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    PEEB                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Quantifying the impact of seed dispersal failure on forest biodiversity across the world&#8217;s tropics<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/liang-hanci\/\">Liang Hanci<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sim-hong-jhun\/\">Sim Hong Jhun<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hanci-Hong-Jhun-Project-DSC08188-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"Quantifying the impact of seed dispersal failure on forest biodiversity across the world&#8217;s tropics\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Animals play important roles as seed dispersers in tropical forest ecosystems and so the pervasive decline of animal populations (&#8220;defaunation&#8221;) will lead to cascading effects on tree populations, ecosystem structure and carbon storage. However, predicting the impacts of defaunation on seed dispersal failure remains a challenge due to the paucity of ecological interaction information globally. This project aims to fill these gaps through the development of a global database of seed dispersal information and machine learning interaction models.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6447\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Angelica-Project-34ccb7c4-3dd6-4113-9a8f-5e1c76de64e5-scaled-e1744353669191-1024x807.jpg\" alt=\"Establishing an ecological baseline for Singapore&#8217;s forest insect communities\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        PEEB                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Establishing an ecological baseline for Singapore&#8217;s forest insect communities<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 >Angelica See<\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Insect declines in abundance have been documented across a variety of ecosystems. In highly urbanised Singapore, the long-term impact of land use change on insect communities is expected to be large but is relatively poorly known, due to lack of quantitative and standardised ecological baselines and the immense diversity of many insect groups, making traditional taxonomic identification methods insufficiently scalable for broader ecological studies. This project aims to establish a network of insect sampling sites that will leverage newly established national long-term forest ecosystem monitoring programmes, and the development of DNA-based methodologies for rapid characterisation of ecological communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6447\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6447\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/peeb\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    PEEB                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Establishing an ecological baseline for Singapore&#8217;s forest insect communities<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 >Angelica See<\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Angelica-Project-34ccb7c4-3dd6-4113-9a8f-5e1c76de64e5-scaled-e1744353669191-1024x807.jpg\" alt=\"Establishing an ecological baseline for Singapore&#8217;s forest insect communities\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Insect declines in abundance have been documented across a variety of ecosystems. In highly urbanised Singapore, the long-term impact of land use change on insect communities is expected to be large but is relatively poorly known, due to lack of quantitative and standardised ecological baselines and the immense diversity of many insect groups, making traditional taxonomic identification methods insufficiently scalable for broader ecological studies. This project aims to establish a network of insect sampling sites that will leverage newly established national long-term forest ecosystem monitoring programmes, and the development of DNA-based methodologies for rapid characterisation of ecological communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6410\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annabel-Project-GFT_OilPalm_OnTheGround2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/annabel-lim-jia-yi\/\">Annabel Lim Jia Yi<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Forestry and agricultural concessions, such as those hosting logging activities or growing oil palm, are hotbeds of deforestation. Our research finds that surprisingly large swaths of natural forests are still standing within concessions, performing essential carbon storage services and supporting critical biodiversity. Through economic viability analyses, we further demonstrate that many of these otherwise highly threatened forests can be protected with green finance, representing a promising pathway for concessionaires to transition their lands towards nature conservation and climate action.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6410\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6410\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/annabel-lim-jia-yi\/\">Annabel Lim Jia Yi<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annabel-Project-GFT_OilPalm_OnTheGround2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Forestry and agricultural concessions, such as those hosting logging activities or growing oil palm, are hotbeds of deforestation. Our research finds that surprisingly large swaths of natural forests are still standing within concessions, performing essential carbon storage services and supporting critical biodiversity. Through economic viability analyses, we further demonstrate that many of these otherwise highly threatened forests can be protected with green finance, representing a promising pathway for concessionaires to transition their lands towards nature conservation and climate action.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6440\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Debby-Project-IMG_1405-scaled-e1744352726833-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/debby-ng\/\">Debby Ng<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/3cc5aefcbdee4387ad9927da3c2a1ff8\">[More on her work]<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Does higher bacterial diversity mean healthy seas? Seagrasses are marine plants known for their ability to reduce bacterial pathogens. I investigate if these underwater grasslands keep coastlines healthy by maintaining high microbial diversity in the seawater.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6440\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6440\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/debby-ng\/\">Debby Ng<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/3cc5aefcbdee4387ad9927da3c2a1ff8\">[More on her work]<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Debby-Project-IMG_1405-scaled-e1744352726833-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Does higher bacterial diversity mean healthy seas? Seagrasses are marine plants known for their ability to reduce bacterial pathogens. I investigate if these underwater grasslands keep coastlines healthy by maintaining high microbial diversity in the seawater.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6425\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Aakash-Project-Tiger-2-e1744348828592.jpg\" alt=\"Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/aakash-lamba\/\">Aakash Lamba<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to provide empirical evidence for the climate benefits of a primarily biodiversity-focused conservation intervention by using tiger conservation in India as a model. We found that enhanced species focused conservation led to over 93$ million USD in climate regulation services in India over the study period. Link to the study here. Media features: https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6425\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6425\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/aakash-lamba\/\">Aakash Lamba<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Aakash-Project-Tiger-2-e1744348828592.jpg\" alt=\"Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to provide empirical evidence for the climate benefits of a primarily biodiversity-focused conservation intervention by using tiger conservation in India as a model. We found that enhanced species focused conservation led to over 93$ million USD in climate regulation services in India over the study period.<\/p>\n<p>Link to the study <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-023-02069-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Media features:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. 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