{"id":6165,"date":"2025-04-07T11:01:41","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T03:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/?page_id=6165"},"modified":"2025-04-15T17:09:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:09:49","slug":"spears","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/spears\/","title":{"rendered":"SpEARS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1>\n\t\tResearch\n\t<\/h1>\n<h2>\n\t\tSpatial Environmental Analytics and Remote Sensing Lab\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>\n\t\tOur Projects\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\">            <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-5964\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ankit-Rachel-Project-CISG_CentralCatchment3-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Validating and Improving Satellite-based Forest Carbon Estimation in Southeast Asia\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        SpEARS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Validating and Improving Satellite-based Forest Carbon Estimation in Southeast Asia<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/ankit-sagar\/\">Ankit Sagar<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to map and improve the forest abovegound biomass estimates in Southeast Asia by linking remote sensing data with ground-based data.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-5964\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-5964\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    SpEARS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Validating and Improving Satellite-based Forest Carbon Estimation in Southeast Asia<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/ankit-sagar\/\">Ankit Sagar<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Ankit-Rachel-Project-CISG_CentralCatchment3-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Validating and Improving Satellite-based Forest Carbon Estimation in Southeast Asia\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to map and improve the forest abovegound biomass estimates in Southeast Asia by linking remote sensing data with ground-based data.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6413\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Robyn-Project-Daisuke-Taira-5-scaled-e1744344167561-1024x794.jpg\" alt=\"Conservation of Mangroves for Climate Resilience\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        SpEARS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Conservation of Mangroves for Climate Resilience<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/robyn-gwee\/\">Robyn Gwee<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Mangroves offer a host of benefits such as protecting lives, supporting livelihoods and contributing to climate mitigation goals. Under climate change and future land-use changes, conservation strategies may need to be adapted to evolving pressures. My research focuses on quantifying benefits of mangroves, as well as assessing conservation strategies for mangrove ecosystems in the current and changing climate.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6413\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6413\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    SpEARS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Conservation of Mangroves for Climate Resilience<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/robyn-gwee\/\">Robyn Gwee<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Robyn-Project-Daisuke-Taira-5-scaled-e1744344167561-1024x794.jpg\" alt=\"Conservation of Mangroves for Climate Resilience\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Mangroves offer a host of benefits such as protecting lives, supporting livelihoods and contributing to climate mitigation goals. Under climate change and future land-use changes, conservation strategies may need to be adapted to evolving pressures. My research focuses on quantifying benefits of mangroves, as well as assessing conservation strategies for mangrove ecosystems in the current and changing climate.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6415\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Elizabeth-Project-Hemispherical-Photographs-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        SpEARS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/maria-elizabeth\/\">Maria Elizabeth Rodriguez Ronderos<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to improve tropical forest peatland above-ground biomass estimations using traditional ground forest surveys, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) and Drone LiDAR scanning (ULS). We further aim to understand the effects of human disturbance at the edge of peatland forests in Brunei, and the impacts on their geomorphology, ecology, biodiversity and biomass.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6415\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6415\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    SpEARS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/maria-elizabeth\/\">Maria Elizabeth Rodriguez Ronderos<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Elizabeth-Project-Hemispherical-Photographs-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"Remote Sensing of Tropical Peatland Forests \u2013 Brunei\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to improve tropical forest peatland above-ground biomass estimations using traditional ground forest surveys, Terrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) and Drone LiDAR scanning (ULS). We further aim to understand the effects of human disturbance at the edge of peatland forests in Brunei, and the impacts on their geomorphology, ecology, biodiversity and biomass.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6419\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SpEARS-Peiyang-Radhika-Sai-Project-PXL_20220518_224618826-1024x771.jpg\" alt=\"A Blue Carbon Framework for Singapore&#8217;s National Climate Change Policy\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        SpEARS                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">A Blue Carbon Framework for Singapore&#8217;s National Climate Change Policy<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/qiao-peiyang\/\">Peiyang Qiao<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sai-qu\/\">Sai Qu<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project&#8217;s main aim is to understand the integration of blue carbon in Singapore&#8217;s national climate change mitigation targets. This project combines an interdisciplinary approach to mapping blue carbon at site and national scale, understanding changes in blue carbon and future projections. Public and private stakeholders are also engaged to create a roadmap of blue carbon as a climate change policy option for Singapore. This project is based in the Department of Geography.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6419\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6419\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/spears\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    SpEARS                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">A Blue Carbon Framework for Singapore&#8217;s National Climate Change Policy<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/qiao-peiyang\/\">Peiyang Qiao<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/sai-qu\/\">Sai Qu<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/SpEARS-Peiyang-Radhika-Sai-Project-PXL_20220518_224618826-1024x771.jpg\" alt=\"A Blue Carbon Framework for Singapore&#8217;s National Climate Change Policy\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project&#8217;s main aim is to understand the integration of blue carbon in Singapore&#8217;s national climate change mitigation targets. This project combines an interdisciplinary approach to mapping blue carbon at site and national scale, understanding changes in blue carbon and future projections. Public and private stakeholders are also engaged to create a roadmap of blue carbon as a climate change policy option for Singapore.<\/p>\n<p>This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bluecarbonsg.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project<\/a> is based in the Department of Geography.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n            <\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Spatial Environmental Analytics and Remote Sensing Lab Our Projects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"parent":5138,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6165","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SpEARS - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/spears\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SpEARS - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Spatial Environmental Analytics and Remote Sensing Lab Our Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/spears\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-15T09:09:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/spears\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/spears\/\",\"name\":\"SpEARS - 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