{"id":6161,"date":"2025-04-07T11:00:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-07T03:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/?page_id=6161"},"modified":"2025-04-15T17:10:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:10:40","slug":"aec","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/","title":{"rendered":"AEC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1>\n\t\tResearch\n\t<\/h1>\n<h2>\n\t\tApplied Ecology &#038; Conservation Lab\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>\n\t\tOur Projects\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"container\"><div class=\"row\">            <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6434\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shakura-Project-IMG_0032-scaled-e1744351469464-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/shakura-bashir\/\">Shakura Bashir<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to assess the environmental and social integrity of natural climate solutions through an inter-disciplinary approach. Key topics include factors influencing carbon credit certification, monitoring of biodiversity outcomes as well as the effectiveness of benefit-sharing mechanisms for local communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6434\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6434\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/shakura-bashir\/\">Shakura Bashir<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shakura-Project-IMG_0032-scaled-e1744351469464-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"Scaling High-Integrity Natural Climate Solutions in the Voluntary Carbon Market: Challenges and Opportunities\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to assess the environmental and social integrity of natural climate solutions through an inter-disciplinary approach. Key topics include factors influencing carbon credit certification, monitoring of biodiversity outcomes as well as the effectiveness of benefit-sharing mechanisms for local communities.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-5981\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Steve-Project-DecisionTheatre-5-scaled-e1744349753859-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"Charting the Future of High Forest Low Deforestation Jurisdictions\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Charting the Future of High Forest Low Deforestation Jurisdictions<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/teo-hoong-chen\/\">Steve Hoong Chen Teo<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>HFLD jurisdictions are vital as they contain some of the world\u2019s last intact forests. However, these areas may experience increasing deforestation rates, which traditional carbon financing mechanisms based on historical baselines may not address adequately. In this project, we explore ways to improve HFLD crediting mechanisms to provide sufficient incentives for their protection while ensuring project integrity.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-5981\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-5981\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Charting the Future of High Forest Low Deforestation Jurisdictions<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/teo-hoong-chen\/\">Steve Hoong Chen Teo<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Steve-Project-DecisionTheatre-5-scaled-e1744349753859-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"Charting the Future of High Forest Low Deforestation Jurisdictions\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>HFLD jurisdictions are vital as they contain some of the world\u2019s last intact forests. However, these areas may experience increasing deforestation rates, which traditional carbon financing mechanisms based on historical baselines may not address adequately. In this project, we explore ways to improve HFLD crediting mechanisms to provide sufficient incentives for their protection while ensuring project integrity.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6410\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annabel-Project-GFT_OilPalm_OnTheGround2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/annabel-lim-jia-yi\/\">Annabel Lim Jia Yi<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Forestry and agricultural concessions, such as those hosting logging activities or growing oil palm, are hotbeds of deforestation. Our research finds that surprisingly large swaths of natural forests are still standing within concessions, performing essential carbon storage services and supporting critical biodiversity. Through economic viability analyses, we further demonstrate that many of these otherwise highly threatened forests can be protected with green finance, representing a promising pathway for concessionaires to transition their lands towards nature conservation and climate action.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6410\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6410\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/annabel-lim-jia-yi\/\">Annabel Lim Jia Yi<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Annabel-Project-GFT_OilPalm_OnTheGround2-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Pivoting forestry and agricultural concessions to conservation for a great forest transition\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Forestry and agricultural concessions, such as those hosting logging activities or growing oil palm, are hotbeds of deforestation. Our research finds that surprisingly large swaths of natural forests are still standing within concessions, performing essential carbon storage services and supporting critical biodiversity. Through economic viability analyses, we further demonstrate that many of these otherwise highly threatened forests can be protected with green finance, representing a promising pathway for concessionaires to transition their lands towards nature conservation and climate action.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6440\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Debby-Project-IMG_1405-scaled-e1744352726833-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/debby-ng\/\">Debby Ng<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/3cc5aefcbdee4387ad9927da3c2a1ff8\">[More on her work]<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Does higher bacterial diversity mean healthy seas? Seagrasses are marine plants known for their ability to reduce bacterial pathogens. I investigate if these underwater grasslands keep coastlines healthy by maintaining high microbial diversity in the seawater.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6440\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6440\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/debby-ng\/\">Debby Ng<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/3cc5aefcbdee4387ad9927da3c2a1ff8\">[More on her work]<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Debby-Project-IMG_1405-scaled-e1744352726833-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"Bacterial pathogens in seagrass meadows\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Does higher bacterial diversity mean healthy seas? Seagrasses are marine plants known for their ability to reduce bacterial pathogens. I investigate if these underwater grasslands keep coastlines healthy by maintaining high microbial diversity in the seawater.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6436\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Yasmine-Project-YMG_Coring-e1744352202153.jpeg\" alt=\"More than Mud: Unveiling the Ecosystem Services of Tidal Flats through a Transdisciplinary Approach\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">More than Mud: Unveiling the Ecosystem Services of Tidal Flats through a Transdisciplinary Approach<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/yasmine-gatt\/\">Yasmine Gatt<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project underscores the significance of tidal flats through a three-pronged approach. First, it assigns a monetary value to their ecosystem services; second, it quantifies their carbon storage potential and assesses their status as blue carbon ecosystems; and third, it evaluates how their cultural services contribute to human well-being.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6436\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6436\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">More than Mud: Unveiling the Ecosystem Services of Tidal Flats through a Transdisciplinary Approach<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/yasmine-gatt\/\">Yasmine Gatt<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Yasmine-Project-YMG_Coring-e1744352202153.jpeg\" alt=\"More than Mud: Unveiling the Ecosystem Services of Tidal Flats through a Transdisciplinary Approach\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project underscores the significance of tidal flats through a three-pronged approach. First, it assigns a monetary value to their ecosystem services; second, it quantifies their carbon storage potential and assesses their status as blue carbon ecosystems; and third, it evaluates how their cultural services contribute to human well-being.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6425\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Aakash-Project-Tiger-2-e1744348828592.jpg\" alt=\"Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/aakash-lamba\/\">Aakash Lamba<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to provide empirical evidence for the climate benefits of a primarily biodiversity-focused conservation intervention by using tiger conservation in India as a model. We found that enhanced species focused conservation led to over 93$ million USD in climate regulation services in India over the study period. Link to the study here. Media features: https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                            Biodiversity Conservation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6425\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6425\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/aakash-lamba\/\">Aakash Lamba<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Aakash-Project-Tiger-2-e1744348828592.jpg\" alt=\"Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation in India\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to provide empirical evidence for the climate benefits of a primarily biodiversity-focused conservation intervention by using tiger conservation in India as a model. We found that enhanced species focused conservation led to over 93$ million USD in climate regulation services in India over the study period.<\/p>\n<p>Link to the study <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-023-02069-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Media features:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/tiger-conservation-in-india-saved-at-least-one-million-tonnes-of-co2-from-being-emitted-study<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/tiger-conservation-efforts-bring-carbon-benefits-worth-rs-769-crore\/articleshow\/100924231.cms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/tiger-conservation-india-helping-mitigate-climate-change\/story?id=99567912<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-biodiversity-conservation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/biodiversity-conservation\/\">\r\n                                                    Biodiversity Conservation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6423\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CISG-Project-IMG_20200210_123100-scaled-e1744348030599-1024x782.jpg\" alt=\"Carbon Market Integrity R&#038;D Programme Singapore (CISG)\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Carbon Market Integrity R&#038;D Programme Singapore (CISG)<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/renee-lorica\/\">Renee Lorica<\/a> <br> CISG team<\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>Carbon Integrity SG is a research programme funded by the Singaporean government with a mission is to develop and strengthen capabilities in the accounting, monitoring, and quality assurance of nature-based carbon projects across Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6423\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6423\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Carbon Market Integrity R&#038;D Programme Singapore (CISG)<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/renee-lorica\/\">Renee Lorica<\/a> <br> CISG team<\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/CISG-Project-IMG_20200210_123100-scaled-e1744348030599-1024x782.jpg\" alt=\"Carbon Market Integrity R&#038;D Programme Singapore (CISG)\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>Carbon Integrity SG is a research programme funded by the Singaporean government with a mission is to develop and strengthen capabilities in the accounting, monitoring, and quality assurance of nature-based carbon projects across Southeast Asia.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6432\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Daisuke-Project-Sungei_Buloh_2-scaled-e1744350651855-1024x614.jpg\" alt=\"Adaptation: Understanding the Opportunities and Constraints of Green-Grey Infrastructure for Climate and Societal Benefits\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">Adaptation: Understanding the Opportunities and Constraints of Green-Grey Infrastructure for Climate and Societal Benefits<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/daisuke-taira\/\">Daisuke Taira<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This project aims to develop a regional framework to understand risks to near-shore human development and assess the opportunity of mangrove green and green-grey solutions in Southeast Asia as the climate change adaptation strategies.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                            Geospatial Science                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6432\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6432\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">Adaptation: Understanding the Opportunities and Constraints of Green-Grey Infrastructure for Climate and Societal Benefits<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/daisuke-taira\/\">Daisuke Taira<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Daisuke-Project-Sungei_Buloh_2-scaled-e1744350651855-1024x614.jpg\" alt=\"Adaptation: Understanding the Opportunities and Constraints of Green-Grey Infrastructure for Climate and Societal Benefits\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This project aims to develop a regional framework to understand risks to near-shore human development and assess the opportunity of mangrove green and green-grey solutions in Southeast Asia as the climate change adaptation strategies.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-geospatial-science\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/geospatial-science\/\">\r\n                                                    Geospatial Science                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. In this example, it applies when width <= 991px.\r\n    if ($(window).width() <= 768) {\r\n      var $content = $('body'); \/\/ Adjust selector based on your markup.\r\n      var contentWidth = $content.outerWidth();\r\n      var contentOffset = $content.offset().left;\r\n      \r\n      \/\/ Apply new styles to the modal dialog.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').css({\r\n        'width': contentWidth + 'px',\r\n        'left': contentOffset + 'px',\r\n        'margin': '0',           \/\/ Remove default margins.\r\n        'position': 'absolute'   \/\/ Use absolute so left offset works properly.\r\n      });\r\n    } else {\r\n      \/\/ On larger screens, remove the inline styles.\r\n      $('.modal').find('.modal-dialog').removeAttr('style');\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ When a modal is about to be shown, adjust its dimensions.\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ Optional: Adjust on window resize if needed.\r\n  $(window).on('resize', function() {\r\n    adjustModal();\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n                        <!-- Use Bootstrap column classes for dynamic screen sizes -->\r\n            <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12 mb-4\">\r\n                <div class=\"card h-100\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#postModal-6421\" style=\"cursor: pointer;\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"card\">\r\n                            <div class=\"card-image-hover\">\r\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"card-img-top\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Naima-Project-NI-C-flux-sampling-Tanah-Merah-1024x771.jpeg\" alt=\"NUS-Temasek Blue Carbon Project\">\r\n                                    <div class=\"hover-overlay\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"hover-text\">\r\n                                            READ MORE \r\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/rp-arrow-right.svg\" \r\n                                                alt=\"Arrow Icon\" class=\"hover-icon\">\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"border-box\"><\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>    \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <div class=\"card-body d-flex flex-column\">\r\n\r\n                    <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                    <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                        AEC                    <\/a>\r\n                    <\/p>\r\n\r\n                        <h5 class=\"card-title\">NUS-Temasek Blue Carbon Project<\/h5>\r\n                        <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                            <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                            <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/naima-iram\/\">Naima Iram<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/ariq-k\/\">Muhammad Ariq Khalingga<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                        <\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"card-text\"><p>This is a regional blue carbon project that aims to quantify robust and defensible blue carbon budgets of mangroves and seagrasses across Southeast Asia by 1) laboratory experiments &amp; in-situ carbon stocks and flux measurements, 2) by using advanced technology to improve the reporting, monitoring and verification protocols and 3) capacity building in blue carbon science.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                                                            <div class=\"category-chips\">\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                            Applied Ecology and Biology                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                            Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                            Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                        <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                            Quantitative Sustainability                                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/span>\r\n                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <!-- Modal -->\r\n            <div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"postModal-6421\" role=\"dialog\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"postModalLabel-6421\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\" role=\"document\">\r\n                    <div class=\"modal-content\">\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-header\">\r\n                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"modal\" aria-label=\"Close\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/themes\/nusthemev4\/includes\/research_projects\/assets\/close-btn.svg\" \/>\r\n\r\n                            <!--<span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span>-->\r\n                            <\/button>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        <div class=\"modal-body\">\r\n                            <p class=\"lab-title\">\r\n                                <a href=\"\/cncs\/research\/aec\" class=\"lab-link\" onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\">\r\n                                    AEC                                <\/a>\r\n                            <\/p>\r\n                            <h5 class=\"card-title-wrap\">NUS-Temasek Blue Carbon Project<\/h5>\r\n                            <span class=\"researcher-name-div\">\r\n                                <i class=\"fa-solid fa-user\"><\/i>\r\n                                <h5 ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/naima-iram\/\">Naima Iram<\/a> <br> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/ariq-k\/\">Muhammad Ariq Khalingga<\/a><\/h5>\r\n                            <\/span>\r\n                                <div class=\"modal-content-wrapper\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wrapped-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Naima-Project-NI-C-flux-sampling-Tanah-Merah-1024x771.jpeg\" alt=\"NUS-Temasek Blue Carbon Project\">\r\n                                    <span class=\"card-text-wrap\"><p>This is a regional blue carbon project that aims to quantify robust and defensible blue carbon budgets of mangroves and seagrasses across Southeast Asia by 1) laboratory experiments &amp; in-situ carbon stocks and flux measurements, 2) by using advanced technology to improve the reporting, monitoring and verification protocols and 3) capacity building in blue carbon science.<\/p>\n<\/span>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                                                                    <div class=\"category-chips-wrap\">\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-applied-ecology-and-biology\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/applied-ecology-and-biology\/\">\r\n                                                    Applied Ecology and Biology                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-climate-mitigation-adaptation\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/climate-mitigation-adaptation\/\">\r\n                                                    Climate Mitigation &amp; Adaptation                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-finance-policy-governance\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/finance-policy-governance\/\">\r\n                                                    Finance, Policy &amp; Governance                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                                    <span class=\"chip chip-quantitative-sustainability\">\r\n                                                <a onclick=\"event.stopPropagation();\" href=\"\/cncs\/research\/quantitative-sustainability\/\">\r\n                                                    Quantitative Sustainability                                                <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/span>\r\n                                                                            <\/div>\r\n                                                        <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <!-- Modal script -->\r\n\r\n            <script>\r\n                var scrollPosition = 0;\r\n                jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n                \/\/ When any modal is shown, record the current scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        scrollPosition = $(window).scrollTop();\r\n                    });\r\n\r\n                    \/\/ When the modal is hidden, restore the scroll position\r\n                    $('.modal').on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {\r\n                        $(window).scrollTop(scrollPosition);\r\n                    });\r\n                });\r\n            <\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  $('.modal').on('show.bs.modal', function(){\r\n    \/\/ Detach the modal and append it directly to <body>\r\n    $(this).detach().appendTo('body');\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the modal's CSS to ensure it is fixed and on top\r\n    $(this).css({\r\n      'position': 'fixed',\r\n      'z-index': 9999\r\n    });\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ Set the backdrop to a lower z-index\r\n    $('.modal-backdrop').css({\r\n      'z-index': 9989\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\njQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n  \/\/ Function to adjust the modal on mobile only.\r\n  function adjustModal() {\r\n    \/\/ Set your mobile breakpoint. 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Conservation Lab Our Projects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"parent":5138,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6161","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AEC - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AEC - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Applied Ecology &#038; Conservation Lab Our Projects\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-15T09:10:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/\",\"name\":\"AEC - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-07T03:00:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-15T09:10:40+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"AEC\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/\",\"name\":\"NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#organization\",\"name\":\"NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cropped-CoBrand-CNCS_H_Transparent1-1-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/cropped-CoBrand-CNCS_H_Transparent1-1-1.png\",\"width\":1131,\"height\":363,\"caption\":\"NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"AEC - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.nus.edu.sg\/cncs\/research\/aec\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"AEC - NUS Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions","og_description":"Research Applied Ecology &#038; 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