Business Times - 15 Nov 2002


Give tax breaks to informal investors of start-ups

Global study shows they are a more important source of funds than VCs

By
Audrey Tan

THE government should consider tax incentives to encourage 'informal' investors - not just venture capitalists (VCs) - to fund start-ups, as a global study shows that such investments are five times more important than VCs as a source of funds, said Professor Wong Poh Kam at NUS' Centre for Entrepreneurship.

'There's some misunderstanding by policy makers on the importance of VCs since only about one in 10,000 businesses are funded by VCs. Most new businesses have nothing to do with VCs,' he said at a seminar yesterday to present the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.

The study found that informal investments in start-ups totalled more than US$300 billion last year in the 37 countries surveyed, compared to US$60 billion invested by VCs. Informal investors - usually family members or 'angel' investors - are also likely to have invested smaller sums, which explains why only one in 10,000 start-ups have VC funding, explained Prof Wong.

Singapore, he noted, is promoting the VC industry such as through its $1 billion Technopreneur Investment Fund which co-invests with VCs.

But it could also consider tax incentives for angel investors, like those in the UK which allow them to offset losses in one investment against profits in another investment when filing their taxes, he said. 'We should try to encourage the growth of angel investors,' he said.

Overall, in all 37 countries surveyed, VC investment halved from 2000 to 2001, from 0.5 per cent of their combined gross domestic product to 0.2 per cent. 'We expect a further drop this year,' he said.

But Singapore still ranks high in VC investment as a percentage of GDP, coming in fifth in the study after South Korea, Israel, Canada and the US. Last year, VCs in Singapore invested some $384.4 million in 73 firms.

But the study also found that the rating for Singapore's environment for entrepreneurship has generally declined over the last two years.

In Singapore, those most likely to start a business are male, between 25 and 34 years old and educated up to junior college level, Prof Wong said.

'This is different in Singapore from what is observed worldwide where the higher the level of education, the higher the entrepreneurship rate,' he added.

The opportunity cost for graduates here to start their business is higher, with the brightest offered scholarships from the government and large corporations, he noted. 'We should revisit the debate on how to get more graduates to be entrepreneurs,' he added.

Some 2,005 people were surveyed in Singapore while the NUS team conducted interviews with 36 entrepreneurs, investors, government policy makers and venture support professionals.

The global study found that Singapore ranked 21st out of the 37 countries for Total Entrepreneurial Activity, which dropped significantly in most countries in the last year.

The 36 industry practitioners interviewed ranked Singapore highly on its government programmes and physical infrastructure but felt that primary and secondary schools here do not encourage creativity, self sufficiency or personal initiative.

They added that new and growing firms do not have access to new research and technology, and that the local culture supports individual success but discourages entrepreneurial risk-taking.

As Jeffrey Goh, a young entrepreneur, recounted: 'After I set up my second business, my mum came up and said: 'Jeff, when are you going to get a real job?'.'

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